About This Page

This web page is sponsored by Division 6 of District 11N of the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary (USCGAUX). The contents on this page are in the part taken from the GOOD MATE Recreational Boating & Marina Manual published by The Ocean Conservancy, 1725 DeSales Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, 202-429-5609, http://www.oceanconservancy.org ©2001, The Ocean Conservancy. Additional materials were provided by the Monterey Bay marine Sanctuary http://www.montereybay.noaa.gov/

This web page is designed to be an educational tool for recreational boaters, marina owners, operators, residents, and others in the Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary. This web page does not constitute a legal or complete reference to the vast array of federal, state, and/or local laws that may be applicable to recreational boating or marina operations. We strongly suggest that all concerned individuals contact the appropriate governmental agency to determine legal requirements.

To learn more about environmental protection in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, please see our Environmental Protection in The Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary Page on this site.

About Our Off-site Links:

NOTICE: Links to non-Coast Guard entities are not under the control of the United States Coast Guard or the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, and are provided for the convenience of those who visit our site. They do not, in any way, constitute an endorsement of the linked pages or any commercial or private issues or products presented there. We cannot make any warranty or representation concerning the content of these sites, or secondary sites from the pages to which they link.

PREVENT SPILLS

The Basics

The potential for fuel spills is greatest during the fueling of inboard tanks. To prevent accidentally overfilling a tank, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) recommends filling inboard fuel tanks to 90 percent capacity.

This will allow for fuel expansion due to heat and provide maximum fuel efficiency. Preventing an overflow spill can also be as simple as gently covering the air vent with a rag during fueling to absorb any overflow. Consider purchasing an overflow attachment for the air vent on your fuel tank. These attachments act as fuel/air separators that release air and vapor, but will also contain overflowing fuel.

Bilge pumps often cause the direct discharge of oil and grease into the water. Use oil absorbent pads or booms in the bilges of all boats with inboard engines.These pads can be found at local boating supply stores or in boating catalogs. Check the bilge areas regularly to maintain maximum oil absorbency of the pads, and dispose of saturated pads according to federal, state, and local regulations.

Regularly inspect your boat's through-hull fittings such as the depth finder transponder and cooling water intakes for leakage to reduce the risk of sinking. A sinking vessel not only poses a great safety risk to its passengers but an unmanned vessel sinking at its dock or anchorage can introduce substantial amounts of fuel, oil, and chemicals into the water. Recycle used oil and filters. If your marina does not have a collection program, encourage it to set one up. For more information on recycling your used oil and filters see Recycling, page 19.

Recycling

Used oil from vessels can be recycled into fresh motor oil by removing the additives and contaminants. Used oil can also be reprocessed to produce a suitable fuel. Oil recycling has tremendous environmental benefits, including minimizing the disposal of oil to landfills and surface waters, reducing future remediation costs and lowering safety risks associated with storage.

Drain the oil from the boat's engine into a pan that can hold twice the volume of oil in the crankcase. Draining should be done when the oil is warm to ensure that any sludge flows out smoothly. Allow the oil to drain until the oil is flowing at a slow,intermittent drip. Replace the drain plug and then move the oil pan to a location where you can safety pour the oil into a container. Wipe up any drips with a paper towel. Using a funnel, pour oil into a clean plastic bottle with a lid that screws on tightly - a plastic milk jug is ideal. Avoid plastic bottles once used for bleach, cleaners, or other automobile fluids, such as antifreeze - they can contain residues that contaminate the oil. Avoid paint cans and other metal containers, or containers used for gasoline.

Spill Control

It is important to have appropriate spill control equipment readily available at the marina. Spill control equipment or "spill kits" should be located in areas of potential releases, including fueling and maintenance areas. These kits consist of absorbent material, brooms, shovels, large plastic bags, and rubber gloves. These items can be found at local boating supply stores or in boating catalogs.

This equipment should be stored in sealable containers such as drums or pails that can serve as waste containers after a spill. Responding quickly and appropriately to a release will greatly reduce adverse impacts to the business property and surrounding environment.

Proper disposal of used oil and fuel absorbent materialsis also important. Absorbent materials saturated with oil may be wrung out into an oil recycling bin, and the absorbent pad or pillow can be reused. For disposal of oil saturated pads or pillows, double bag (one plastic bag inside another) the saturated materials and deposit in the regular trash. Absorbent materials saturated with gasoline may be air-dried and reused, but make sure the drying takes place in an area free from any potential sparks or fires, and any human or animal interaction.

Before recycling or disposing of any used absorbent materials, contact local authorities for disposal regulations.

In the event of a spill or release that causes a film, "sheen," or discoloration of the surface of the water or adjoining shorelines, or causes a sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining shorelines, call the National Response Center at 800-424-8802 or 202-267-2675.

There are a number of tools to be used for response after an oil spill. Among the options available are mechanical cleanup methods (containment booms and skimmers) and non-mechanical methods (dispersants, natural removal, and shoreline cleanup). The selected mix of countermeasures to a severe oil spill will be decided by the U.S. Coast Guard and will depend on potential shoreline and natural resources impact; the size, location and type of oil spilled; weather; and other variables.

Disposal of waste liquids and contaminated spill material can be quite expensive, so the generation of these wastes should be avoided.

DISPERSANTS

Dispersants are specially designed oil spill products that are composed of detergent-like surfactants (chemicals with the ability to break up oil) that have a low toxicity in the environment. Dispersants do not remove oil from the water but break the oil slick into small particles that then disperse into the water. Dispersion of oil into the water column occurs naturally in untreated spills, dispersants speed up the process.

The use of dispersants on oil spills is a highly regulated response tool and should never be used at the discretion of marina operators or recreational boaters.

In the United States, the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) sets limitations on dispersant use. Special federal approval and permits are needed for their use, and dispersants cannot and should not be used without the permission of the U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port (COTP).

When the oil is treated with this method, it initially disperses within the upper 30 feet of the water column. Tides and currents move the dispersed oil horizontally. Usually dispersant use is reserved for deeper waters to ensure sufficient dilution of the oil and to prevent impacts on bottom dwelling organisms. Under certain circumstances they might be used in shallower environments. Dispersant effectiveness isdependent on the type of oil and environmental conditions.

Dispersants have low toxicity but can still be harmful to the environment. Because they disperse the oil they can actually increase the effects of oil on organisms in the upper 30 feet of the water column. Dispersants can also have severe and long term effects on bottom-dwelling organisms.

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MARINE SANITATION DEVICES

Discharge of raw sewage from a vessel within three nautical miles of the U.S. coastline and the Great Lakes is illegal.

Types of MSDs and Their Treatment Systems

Type I

Type II

Type III

In the United States, recreational boats are not required to be equipped with a toilet. However, installed toilets that are not equipped with a marine sanitation device (MSD) and those that discharge raw sewage directly over the side are illegal. Any owner of a vessel with an onboard toilet is required to install and use a U.S. Coast Guard certified marine sanitation device (MSD), preferably a Type III holding tank. (See Table 1 for the types of MSDs and their treatment systems).

While navigating within three nautical miles of the U.S. coastline, any direct flow-through sewage system must be closed, or, if the system is equipped with a Y-valve, the valve should be closed or set to the inboard position. In addition, while cruising in a "no-discharge" zone, Y-valves on marine sanitation devices must be locked in the closed or inboard position.

It should be noted that the regulations regarding installation and use of Type III MSDs have caused great frustration among the boating community. For years, boaters have felt that there are few, if any, convenient places to pump out their boats and that marine sanitation devices are unreliable. However, recent increases in government funding for states to install or improve sewage facilities are increasing the availability of pumpout facilities in some states.

Boaters can play a large role in the solution to sewage pollution. They can help by:

Installing and properly using an MSD III holding tank to keep raw sewage and chemicals out of the water.

Learning how an MSD works, making sure it functions properly, and making repairs when necessary.

Using onshore restroom facilities when at the dock. If they are not adequate, boaters should encourage the dock operator to provide appropriate facilities.

Bringing portable toilets ashore for proper waste disposal. Using pumpout facilities when available and asking for them if they are not.

Encouraging the development of more pumpout stations as well as portable toilet dump stations and learning how to use them.

For direct discharge of sewage, some boats are equipped with a Y-valve, which can only be used beyond three nautical miles of the U.S. coastline. In the United States, Coast Guard regulations require the Y-valve be secured in the closed or inboard position (by a padlock, non-releasable tie, or other physical barrier) when the boat is within a designated no-discharge zone. Noncompliance may result in a fine. "No-discharge" zones are areas where the release of raw or treated sewage is prohibited. Designated no-discharge zones are environmentally sensitive areas that require greater protection, where even the discharge of treated sewage could be harmful. When operating in a no-discharge zone, a Type I or Type II MSD must be secured in some way to prevent discharge.

States, upon meeting certain conditions, can designate environmentally sensitive waters within state waters (generally within three nautical miles) as "no-discharge" zones. All completely enclosed lakes are considered no-discharge zones. Boaters can find out if there are any no-discharge zones in their area by referring to Appendix B of this manual, contacting their local U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office, or by visiting one the following website:

http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/mse/nodiszones.htm

Please note: The lists of no-discharge zones are subject to change and should be rechecked periodically.

In the United States, if you observe any boat not complying with water pollution regulations report it o the nearest U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office. See Resources and Contacts.

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WASHING AND CLEANING YOUR BOAT

To stop toxic cleaning products from entering the nearshore waters, boaters should:

Rinse their boat only with fresh water after each use. A good, freshwater rinse can help stop organism growth and will extend the life of the boat's protective paint coating. Rinsing after each use also reduces the need for cleansers and heavy-duty products.

Look for catch basins or other collection systems at the posted wash areas of your marina, and use them. Such systems stop paint resins, chips and other hazardous products from entering the aquatic environment. If your marina does not have such a system, encourage them to install one.

Use old-fashioned and less harmful cleaning methods, including baking soda, vinegar, lemon juice, borax, and "elbow grease." Selecting soaps and cleaning products:

Ask your marina store to stock environmentally friendly cleaning products as alternatives to harsh cleansers. Boaters should purchase the least toxic product available to do the job. Examine the warning label. If it is hazardous to humans, it is hazardous to the aquatic environment.

Look for the words "phosphate-free" and "biodegradable" on the product label.

Buy only what you need. The smaller the product container, the smaller the potential spill.

Keep open cleaning products away from the open deck.

Clean spills with a rag (instead of hosing); make sure you dispose of the rag safely or stow it to clean other spills.

Share your leftover supplies with other boaters or dispose of them safely and properly onshore according to product labeling or the marina operator.

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SANDING, SCRAPING AND PAINTING YOUR BOAT

Sanding and Scraping

Sanding and scraping a boat can release paint and varnish particles into the air and water around you. Toxic dust particles can irritate a person's lungs and eyes and can also affect the health and reproductive systems of fish, birds, crabs, and other sea life. It is important boaters contain their mess as much as possible. The following are some tips for do-it-yourself boat scrapers:

Conduct all sanding and scraping on shore, away from the water and preferably in a dedicated work area.

Use a vacuum sander, a tool that collects and stores paint particles before they get into the water or into your eyes and lungs.

Lay tarps under the work area to catch loose particles and use a vacuum to remove the loose material. If a vacuum is not available, lift the tarp, collect the scrapings into a sealed container, and dispose of it on shore.

Painting Your Hull

Keeping a boat bottom free of algae, barnacles, and other growth ensures smooth, fuel-efficient boat operation. Consider using some of the less damaging boat paint alternatives mentioned on page 28. They effectively protect the hull without harmful pesticides and metals. Some contain ingredients such as silicone or Teflon, while others contain intense concentrations of organic ingredients, such as cayenne pepper.

All paintwork should be conducted on shore in a dedicated work area using a tarp to capture drips and spills.

Encourage other boaters to learn more about the laws applying to boat bottom paints as well as alternative painting products by contacting the EPA, their state boating agency, and their local marine supply store.

Other ways to slow organism growth:

Rinse and wipe the hull with fresh water after each use.

Apply a good coat of wax with "elbow grease" each season.

Dry dock or haul the boat after each use; this may totally eliminate the need for antifouling paints.

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MAINTAINING YOUR BOAT

Maintaining Boat Operations

Performing routine maintenance on a boat and its engine can improve boat and engine operation. A clean, well-operating boat lasts longer and reduces the amount of pollutants entering the water. Boaters can keep their vessels in top working condition by:

Tuning the engine regularly. In turn, the engine will operate more cleanly, increase its fuel efficiency, and last longer.

Steam cleaning the engine in a dedicated service area, rather than using harmful engine cleaners.

Inspecting the fuel lines routinely. Failure to properly maintain a fuel system can lead to a catastrophic explosion. Unleaded fuels can contain alcohol, which corrodes rubber hoses. If there are signs of deterioration - dry, cracked areas or soft, tender spots --replace the hoses immediately with fresh ones marked "USCG Type A." The Coast Guard has also approved an alcohol resistant fuel hose: SAEJ1527.

Regularly inspecting its through-hull fittings, such as the depth finder transponder and cooling water intakes, for leakage. A sinking vessel not only poses a great safety risk to its passengers but an unmanned vessel sinking at its dock or anchorage can introduce a substantial amount of fuel, oil, and chemicals into the water.

Using non-toxic bilge cleaners. Many bilge cleaners are harmful to the environment since they merely break down oil into microscopic fragments that are pumped out in the bilge water. Several non-toxic bilge cleaners actually contain microbes that digest hydrocarbons rather than emulsifying them. A marine dealer should have more product information.

Disposing of all maintenance products and chemicals properly. Do not throw them in the water or down a storm drain.

Learning more about hazardous waste disposal by contacting the city, county, or state boating agency and department of environmental quality.

Maintain a Seaworthy Vessel

Regularly inspect your boat's through-hull fittings, such as the depth finder transponder and cooling water intakes, for leakage to reduce the risk of sinking. A sinking vessel not only poses a great safety risk to its passengers but an unmanned vessel sinking at its dock or anchorage can result in a substantial introduction of fuel, oil, and chemicals into the water.

Always conduct a visual inspection of your boat after a particularly hard rain. Accumulated rain in the bilge can quickly over burden a bilge pump system, and cause the vessel to sink.

Maintaining Safety Equipment

Take care when disposing of batteries and flares. Lead acid batteries should be delivered to a lead acid battery retailer or wholesaler for proper disposal, or to a collection or recycling facility authorized by the Environmental Protection Agency or your state's department of environmental quality. Expired marine flares can be kept on board as a back-up for new flares (but new flares should be kept separate from the old flares), or donated to vessel safety training programs. If they must be disposed of unused, they should be treated as hazardous waste. Contact the appropriate agency in your state for proper disposal requirements. For more information see Appendix C.

Common management strategies that are relatively easy to implement include the following:

Conduct all repair work and maintenance in designated work areas. These areas should be surrounded by berms, and have an impervious floor to contain spills and make sweeping up easier. Sweep the work area frequently. Operations such as pressure washing, steam cleaning, sanding, painting, repairing and constructing fiberglass, varnishing, and woodworking are best suited for these areas.

In outdoor work areas the work must be performed over tarpaulins if there is no hard surface to aid cleanup. Sweep and vacuum the tarps frequently. Cover storm drains near the work area to prevent waste from being carried into marina waters by the storm water. Vacuum hull maintenance areas regularly to remove trash, sanding, paint chips, etc.

Scrubbing and using abrasives on boat bottom while in the water create pollution. A plume of blue or red when a bottom is being scrubbed means that copper particles are being released into the water column. Scrub only hard finish bottom paint in the water. Gently sponging soft painted bottoms will not release as much paint, and the paint job will last longer.

Pay special attention to traditional teak cleaners, which are caustic. They contain strong chemicals for bleaching the teak. Any product thatrecommends the user to wear rubber gloves or take special safety precautions is harmful to the environment as well. Mild soaps, scrub brushes, and water washdowns will keep teak decks non-skid and clean.

Reuse thinners and solvents whenever possible. Let the particles settle, and then drain off the clear solvent for reuse. The sludge is hazardous waste and should be disposed of according to local regulations.

Plastic sheeting used to protect surfaces should also be dried out and reused rather than discarded. Encourage members of your crew and other boaters to read the product warning labels and wear appropriate clothing and equipment to protect their skin, lungs, and eyes from injury.

Other Ways to Reduce Pollution

Educate other boaters on the potential harm caused by cleaners and detergents that contain ammonia, bleach, sodium hypochlorites, and petroleum distillates. In addition, post these tips (or insert them with purchases as a flyer) for marina visitors and customers:

Rinse and wash your boat with fresh water in a contained area every time you take it out of the water.

If your vessel is in the water, wash it by hand using fresh water. Remember: more frequent cleaning with less potent materials will be much kinder to the environment.

Use phosphate-free, biodegradable detergents and cleaning compounds.

Wax your boat every year - a good coat of wax will prevent surface build-up.

Remove the vessel from the water to perform above - and below-waterline scraping, sanding, plastic repair, painting, and barnacle removal. Keep the vessel in a contained area.

Capture and contain particulate matter when working on your boat.

Perform maintenance activities in dry-dock or another enclosed area.

Dispose of batteries and flares properly. Batteries should be given to marina staff or taken to local municipal/government recycling centers. Flares should be given to marina staff or local law enforcement agencies. Do not discard batteries or flares into a dumpster. They are toxic waste!

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SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING

It is illegal for any U.S. boat anywhere in the world, or any foreign boat in U.S. waters, to dispose of plastics or most other solid debris by discharging it overboard. (For more on the specific regulations, see Regulations on page 36.)

Once back on shore, however, there are several ways boaters and marinas can keep trash from entering the water. Follow the three "R"s-Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Reduce the amount of disposables you buy or stock. Pay particular attention to unnecessary packaging.

Careful planning and purchasing habits, such as purchasing items in bulk or in concentrated form where possible, can reduce the amount of packaging that must be discarded.

Do not purchase double-packaged items when ordering maintenance, store, or facility supplies. Reuse materials whenever possible, either for their original purpose or a new one, such as using plastic milk jugs as bailers. Finally, discard materials appropriately, either in the trash or recycling bin.

Boaters often witness trash being dumped or see debris floating on the water's surface. The very waters to which they retreat are dirtied by garbage. It is important everyone knows how to be part of the solution to water pollution. Boaters can help by:

Using garbage facilities - trash cans, dumpsters, and recycling bins at their boatyard or marina. If the garbage facilities are inadequate, request better services from the facility manager.

Promoting and utilizing waste and oil recycling at teirr dock, marina, or port.

Making sure no trash is discarded, washed, or blown overboard. If an item does blow overboard, go back and retrieve it! (Use this opportunity to practice "man-overboard" drills).

Practicing "Plus-One Boating." Bring back everything you take out, plus one piece of litter from someone else's wasteful wake.

Participating in a beach cleanup, especially in remote areas accessible only by boat. For information on the annual International Coastal

Cleanup, call The Ocean Conservancy at 1-800-262-BEACH.

Reporting any illegal dumping you witness to the local USCG Marine Safety Office (see Resources and Contacts, below).

Reminding others that plastic garbage generated aboard a vessel may not be discharged into the water but should be brought ashore for proper disposal.

Do not allow any debris to be thrown overboard -you are the Captain! You can also be fined for violating the law.

After any boating, fishing, or beach outing, bring allyour trash back for disposal onshore.

Do not throw cigarette butts overboard. Filters are non-biodegradable, contain toxic chemicals, and may persist for years.

Avoid disposable goods; purchase reusable products or containers.

Save and reuse plastic bags when possible.

Recycle your plastic, metal, glass, and paper products at the marina or other facility.

Dispose of monofilament fishing line into trash receptacles. DO NOT throw overboard.

Educate all passengers about the law, as well as the impacts to the marine environment from improperly discarding trash.

Select nontoxic cleaning products that do not harm humans or aquatic life.

Fuel boats carefully, recycle used oil, and discard worn motor parts into proper receptacles to prevent needless petroleum spills. Keep boat and auto motors well tuned to prevent fuel and lubricant leaks and improve fuel efficiency.

Dispose of trash, including cigarette filters, properly in onshore bins. If bins are overflowing, alert marina staff.

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OPERATING YOUR BOAT

In the United States and its territories report any boat not complying with water pollution regulations to the U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office. See Resources and Contacts. Or contact the local environmental enforcement office for information on local water pollution regulations.

Respect Marine Life

Traveling at high speeds in shallow waters stirs up ground sediments. Such turbulence not only affects aquatic plants and bottom dwelling organisms, but it also impairs a boater's ability to see sandbars, submerged obstacles, dangerous shoals, or surfacing aquatic animals - such as manatees, otters, and sea turtles, among others. Besides the risk of physically injuring animals, there are also risks associated with the close contact of boaters and aquatic life. Disturbing animals forces them to move away from you - interrupting feeding or sleeping and causing them to expend energy they need to survive. Any activity that forces a protected or endangered animal to change its behavior is considered harassment. And the harassment of protected or endangered animals is illegal. In the United States, protected aquatic animals include migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, egrets, herons), river otters, beavers, and marine mammals including all whales and dolphins, all seals and sea lions, all sea turtles, sea otters, and manatees.

Be Safe

As a boat owner and operator you have a responsibility to yourself, your passengers, and the aquatic environment to know how to properly and safely operate your vessel! There are numerous boating operation and safety courses available to the public. The best resources for boating safety education are the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, the U.S. Power Squadron, your state boating departments, and various boating organizations. These courses offer training in areas such as vessel operation, navigation, proper emergency procedures, safety equipment, pollution control, and proper vessel maintenance. One easy way to protect yourself and the sensitive bottom habitats and aquatic grass ecosystems is simply to avoid the shallows. But as these shallow sensitive habitats may grow within inches of the water's surface, whether inland or offshore, avoiding them can be tricky. Fortunately, there are several navigation tips that can help make boating easier and safer.

Know Your Colors

The color of the water can give you a good indication of what is below the surface.

Brown, Brown, Run Aground: Bottom formations that grow close to the water's surface and shallow aquatic grass beds will make the water appear brown. Such areas should be avoided to keep from running aground and damaging both your boat and these sensitive habitats.

White, White, You Might: Sand bars and shallow rubble areas appear white. These areas can be deceiving and may be much shallower than they appear. Navigate with caution around these areas.

Green, Green, Nice and Clean: Green water usually indicates areas free of shallow areas or aquatic grass beds. Navigation of small, shallow draft boats in these areas is generally safe. However, larger shallow draft boats should exercise caution. All boaters should carry and consult current and corrected copies of the appropriate NOAA marine chart.

Blue, Blue, Cruise on Through: Deep-water areas, such as the ocean side of a reef, may appear blue. Navigation in these areas is free from hazardous contact with reefs or aquatic grass beds. Remember, however, that reefs and rocks rise abruptly from deep water, so give yourself plenty of room to maneuver.

The generalizations above can be very helpful, but keep in mind that these colors might not be so apparent if there is extreme cloud cover, a glassy calm sea state, extreme sun glare, or murky water. Polarized sunglasses can be very helpful in distinguishing the color of the water.

Know Your Markers

"No Wake" Markers: Usually prominently marked on pilings or shoreline structures such as bulkheads, docks, or piers. Reef Light Towers: A prominent metal A-frame structure with a number posted on it. Shoal Markers: Solitary steel I-beams, rising above the water, usually with a diamond shaped DANGER sign attached. Reef Light Towers or Shoal Markers mark many extensive shallow reef areas. Do Not Approach These Areas!

You can determine where the shallow edge of these areas is located by observing the water. Along the reef there will be a series of breaking waves. Along the edge of seagrass flats, there will frequently be a ripple effect or a surface water texture change. Shallow sandbars will appear glassy.

Anchoring

Anchoring, if performed correctly, poses little threat to you, your property, or to the environment. If boaters use the appropriate ground tackle for the type of bottom-sand, mud or rock-they are generally ensured a safe hold. To properly anchor a boat, a boater should check the charts or use a depth finder to locate appropriate holding grounds. Never anchor over sensitive reefs or aquatic grass beds. To ensure safe moorings and to make sure an anchor is not scarring a sensitive ecosystem, you should:

Use existing mooring buoys as much as possible. Keep in mind that some mooring buoys are located near extremely shallow reefs. DO NOT attempt to motor across a reef to reach a mooring buoy.

Hail other boaters moored or anchored in the area. They may know of additional safe anchoring beds or set moorings.

Check the holding potential of the bottom by looking at the nautical chart or by conducting a visual examination, with the sun at your back, of the bottom area.

Lower the anchor gently over the side of the boat.

Use the depth sounder to identify anchoring areas, especially if the waters are murky.

If sensitive reefs or aquatic grass beds are detected, boaters should:

Set anchor in a nearby sand, gravel, or mud area. The size of the anchorage area must be large enough and far enough away from the reef or aquatic grass so that the anchor chain does not drag across or chafe the sensitive habitat. If a safe anchoring location cannot be found, move to deeper water.

Direct incoming boaters to other appropriate anchorages you may have found. If the anchor chain is grumbling, weigh anchor or move to another spot. This noise is an indication that the boat is anchored over a reef or other rocky substrate.

Running Aground

To ensure safe passage, you should:

Consult an official and corrected nautical chart.

Follow channel markers and heed buoy warnings.

Use the depth sounder.

Pay attention to the water patterns. Shoals and shallow areas can be detected early on if the boater pays attention to the surface water in the vicinity of the vessel.

Always wear your life jacket while on board and have personal flotation devices (PFDs) readily available if needed in an emergency.

If you should run aground:

DO NOT try to motor your way out! Instead, if in a small boat use a paddle or an oar to pole your way out in the direction from which the boat entered. If in a larger vessel radio, call, or hail for assistance or a tow.

Have the phone number or monitored radio frequency of your local tow service readily available on your boat.

Observing Marine Life

It is important that boaters follow proper wildlife interaction procedures and know the restrictions placed on interaction with wildlife, particularly aquatic mammals and sea turtles. As a rule, boaters should always slow their boat when approaching an aquatic animal. Many states and natural park areas have pre-set safe-distance requirements between a boat and wildlife.

When observing an aquatic animal, maintaining a safe distance of 100 yards is generally the rule (500 yards is required for the highly endangered northern right whale). However, always check local regulations.

It is illegal under federal law to feed, harass, molest or injure aquatic mammals such as whales, dolphins, manatees, or sea otters. Anyone witnessing such actions is asked to report the incident to the U.S. Coast Guard or local marine police as soon as possible. See Resources and Contacts.

Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS)

Most ANS invasions worldwide are thought to be due to the uptake and discharge of ballast water from ships. However, recreational boaters can also spread exotic species when boats or equipment are moved from one body of water to another or unused bait is dumped into the water. To avoid ANS invasions, adopt the following procedures:

When leaving the water, inspect your boat and remove all hitchhiking animal and plant life from the hull, trailer, propeller, intake areas, and all equipment.

Drain and flush engine cooling system, live wells,bilge, and bait buckets with very hot water if possible. If hot water is not available, use tap water.

Rinse your boat and all areas that get wet (including trailer frames and wheels, safety light compartments, decking, and the lower portion of the motor cooling system) with tap water. DO NOT use salt and/or chlorine water mixtures. Runoff of these mixtures could enter the waterway, where they would be harmful to native aquatic organisms. Also, these mixtures can damage boat equipment.

Air-dry your boat and other equipment three to five days before using in a new water body. Some ANS, like the zebra mussel, can live for at least 48 hours out of water.

DO NOT dump unused bait or its packing material into the water. While bait may be bought locally, it is often shipped from farther away.

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BEING A RESPONSIBLE RESIDENT

Urban runoff carrying non-point source pollution is the nation's leading threat to water quality. Pollutants may include toxic metals, hydrocarbons, nutrients, suspended solids, and many other chemicals that are detrimental to aquatic life.

Urbanization and increases in population directly affect the type of pollution that enters storm drains. Impermeable surfaces such as roads prevent storm water from soaking into the ground. These surfaces become conduits for pollutants. Examples include oil and grease that wash off roads, fertilizers and pesticides from lawns, and detergents from car washing and commercial activities.

It is important to identify pollutants in urban runoff that flow into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. In addition, citizen monitors have been conducting a dry weather-monitoring program, called Urban Watch, in Monterey, Pacific Grove, Santa Cruz, and two years in Capitola. Volunteers monitor storm drain outfalls twice a month between June and November.

The pollution detection kit that is used for Urban Watch was developed according to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase 1 dry weather monitoring requirements and is designed to detect illegal storm drain connections and discharges.

Because of this program, it is generally known which outfalls commonly discharge urban runoff that contain contaminants and education efforts are under way to reduce the pollutants. The pollutants are washed into storm drains and subsequently out into the Bay.

By taking the following actions You can do your part as a responsible resident of coastal areas adjoining the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary to help prevent pollution of the marine environment by urban runoff that contains contaminants:

Make Responsible Transportation Choices.

Reduce Automobile Pollution by Walking, Bicycle Riding, Carpooling, or Using Mass Transportation.

Our choices of where we live and where we work define our transportation options to a large degree. Don't let a long commute discourage you from using alternative transportation. Regardess of how far we as residents of the California coast must commute to work, alternative transportation solutions are available to most of us. Investigate your options through your employer or the regional transporation agency, or transit district where you live or work.

In Santa Cruz, Monterey and San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties, see: Local Partner and Transportation Links sponsored by Caltrans.

In Alameda, Contra Costa, Sonoma, Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara,Solano and Napa counties see: Commute Help and Travel Assistance aponsored by Caltrans.

Make responsible choices when it comes to maintaining your private automobile, boat, or other recreational vehicle.

Keep storm drains properly maintained and cleaned. Stencil messages near storm drain inlets on your property to remind your family members and others about the direct link between storm drains and the quality of the wate rin our streams and in the Monterey Bay National Marien Sanctuary.

Wash cars on unpaved surfaces or at a commercial car wash.

Leftover soapy water should be poured down a household sink or toilet (to be treated by a sewage plant) not the driveway, gutter, or storm drain, which lead directly to the bay without treatment.

Recycle used motor oil (for free) by taking it to an auto parts store, hazardous waste collection site, or using curbside recycling pickup.

When changing your car's oil, prevent spills by placing cardboard under the oil pan. Use absorbent material such as kitty litter to clean up spills.

Never pour use motor oil on the ground, down storm drains, or on driveways.

Never use motor oil to kill weeds along fences in yards. Motor oil poured in soil contaminates water. Take unwanted toxic products to local hazardous waste collection sites

Recycle your car's antifreeze. Never drain antifreeze directly onto the ground or street. It is poisonous to pets and wildlife, which are attracted to its sweet smell and taste.

Make Responsible Choices with Household Paints, Cleaning Products, Solvents, and Pesticides

Use water-based paints in place of more toxic, oil-based paints for parking lots and other landscaping needs.

Use non-toxic products, if possible. When using toxic products follow directions carefully and use sparingly.

Properly store toxic products away from children. Never dump chemicals down storm drains, ditches, gutters, or waterways.

Take unwanted or unused chemicals like paint varnishes, hazardous cleaning products, solvents, and pesticides to your local hazardous waste collection site.

Rinse paint brushes in the sink when using water-based paints. Recycle paint thinner by pouring a small amount into a sealable glass jar, cleaning brushes, and allowing paint solids to settle. Then pour clean paint thinner back in its original container.

Never dump chemicals in ditches, gutters, storm drains, or waterways.

Make Responsible Choices When You Maintain Your House and Yard

Sweep driveways, patios and sidewalks rather than hosing them down into gutters and storm drains.

Put lawn clippings and leaves in a compost pile or garbage can.

Pick up animal wastes regularly and dispose of them in the toilet or a trashcan, not down the storm drain.

Xeriscape. That is, landscape with native, drought-resistant vegetation. Conserve water by watering only as needed. Native California plant species, often need less water than imported varieties.

Water at night to minimize evaporation and direct sprinklers to grassy areas, not the pavement.

Water only your garden and lawn, not your driveways and sidewalks. Divert garden hoses and rainspouts away from paved surfaces to reduce water runoff from entering storm drains.

Consider using a rain barrel to collect water for flowerbed and lawn watering.

Use non-toxic alternatives to pesticides and organic gardening techniques when possible.

Use herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers sparingly. Follow label instructions carefully. Do not apply products if rain is forecast.

Never dump herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers into ditches, gutters, storm drains, or waterways.

Control erosion at construction sites by preventing dirt and debris from entering gutters and storm drains. Use hay bails as silt fences to prevent runoff. When pouring concrete, keep runoff away from storm drains and waterways, as it is harmful to fish.

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Where Can I Find More Information?

See the extensive USCGAUX Division 6 marine resources link list on our Link Page on this site.

Learn more about environmental protection of the marine environment in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary on our Environmental Protection Page on this site.

Visit the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) Website

Visit The Ocean Convervancy Website

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June 8, 2008